Association of vitamin D with HIV infected individuals, TB infected individuals, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine differences in vitamin D levels and deficiency prevalence among HIV, TB, and HIV-TB groups, and assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on HIV and TB outcomes.
Results Summary
The study found no significant variations in vitamin D levels between the groups, but higher VDD prevalence in the HIV-TB group. Vitamin D supplementation showed no significant impact on CD4 count, viral load, TB-related outcomes, or mortality.
Population
HIV patients, TB patients, and HIV-TB co-infected individuals.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D supplementation | neutral | HIV replication | - | - | may modulate | #1 |
Vitamin D supplementation | neutral | TB inflammation | - | - | may improve | #2 |
Vitamin D supplementation | decrease | progression of HIV-TB co-infection | - | - | may reduce | #3 |
- | no change | vitamin D levels | three groups | - | were no variations | #4 |
- | increase | prevalence of vitamin D deficiency | HIV-TB group | - | was higher | #5 |
vitamin D supplements | no change | CD4 count | - | - | did not have obvious impact | #6 |
vitamin D supplements | no change | viral load | - | - | did not have obvious impact | #7 |
vitamin D | no change | time to sputum smear conversion | - | - | had no effect | #8 |
vitamin D | no change | time to culture conversion | - | - | had no effect | #9 |
vitamin D | no change | relapse | - | - | had no effect | #10 |
vitamin D | no change | 12-month morality | - | - | had no effect | #11 |
vitamin D | no change | TB score | - | - | had no effect | #12 |
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency to develop active tuberculosis compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitamin D supplementation may modulate HIV replication, improve TB inflammation and reduce progression of HIV-TB co-infection. METHODS: We meta-analyzed individual participant data from cohort studies, cross-sectional study, and RCTs of vitamin D in HIV group, TB group, and HIV-TB group. The primary outcomes were differences in vitamin D level and VDD prevalence between three groups, the secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV viral load, time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, morality, and TB score. RESULTS: For vitamin D levels, the overall mean difference (MD) between HIV group and TB group was -0.21 (95% CI, -20.80-20.38; CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that there were no variations in vitamin D levels between three groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the HIV-TB group than in the HIV group. Additionally, the administration of vitamin D supplements did not have obvious impact on CD4 count and viral load. Likewise, vitamin D had no effect on time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, 12-month morality, and TB score.