Differential effects of fish-oil and cocoa-butter based high-fat/high-sucrose diets on endocrine pancreas morphology and function in mice.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of fish oil-based and cocoa butter-based high-fat/high-sucrose diets on glucose homeostasis and endocrine pancreas morphology and function in mice.
Results Summary
The study found that mice fed a fish oil-based high-fat/high-sucrose diet (Fish-HFDS) showed improved glucose homeostasis, reduced body weight gain, and increased endocrine pancreas β-cells and islet numbers compared to those fed a cocoa butter-based diet (Cocoa-HFDS). The findings suggest that the source of fat in a high-fat/high-sucrose diet can significantly influence metabolic outcomes.
Population
C57BL/6 male mice (n=12)
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
22 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fish-HFDS diet | decrease | food intake | C57BL/6 male mice | - | significantly reduced | #1 |
Fish-HFDS diet | decrease | body weight gain | C57BL/6 male mice | - | significantly reduced | #2 |
Fish-HFDS diet | decrease | fasting blood glucose concentration | C57BL/6 male mice | - | lower | #3 |
Fish-HFDS diet | decrease | area under the curve (AUC) for GTT | C57BL/6 male mice | - | lower | #4 |
Fish-HFDS diet | decrease | area under the curve (AUC) for ITT | C57BL/6 male mice | - | lower | #5 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | plasma c-peptide concentration | C57BL/6 male mice | - | increased | #6 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | plasma insulin concentration | C57BL/6 male mice | - | increased | #7 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | plasma glucagon concentration | C57BL/6 male mice | - | increased | #8 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | plasma GLP-1 concentration | C57BL/6 male mice | - | increased | #9 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | plasma leptin concentration | C57BL/6 male mice | - | higher | #10 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | endocrine pancreas β-cells | C57BL/6 male mice | - | significant increase | #11 |
Fish-HFDS diet | increase | islet numbers | C57BL/6 male mice | - | significant increase | #12 |
fish oil | decrease | effect of sucrose on glucose homeostasis | mice in a high-fat/high-sucrose dietary setting | - | can ameliorate | #13 |
fish oil | decrease | effect of sucrose on endocrine pancreas morphology | mice in a high-fat/high-sucrose dietary setting | - | can ameliorate | #14 |
fish oil | decrease | effect of sucrose on endocrine pancreas function | mice in a high-fat/high-sucrose dietary setting | - | can ameliorate | #15 |
INTRODUCTION: A high-fat/high-sucrose diet leads to adverse metabolic changes that affect insulin sensitivity, function, and secretion. The source of fat in the diet might inhibit or increase this adverse effect. Fish oil and cocoa butter are a significant part of our diets. Yet comparisons of these commonly used fat sources with high sucrose on pancreas morphology and function are not made. This study investigated the comparative effects of a fish oil-based high-fat/high-sucrose diet (Fish-HFDS) versus a cocoa butter-based high-fat/high-sucrose diet (Cocoa-HFDS) on endocrine pancreas morphology and function in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 male mice (n=12) were randomly assigned to dietary intervention either Fish-HFDS (n=6) or Cocoa-HFDS (n=6) for 22 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests (IP-GTT and IP-ITT) were performed after 20-21 weeks of dietary intervention. Plasma concentrations of c-peptide, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and leptin were measured by Milliplex kit. Pancreatic tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry to measure islet number and composition. Tissues were multi-labelled with antibodies against insulin and glucagon, also including expression on Pdx1-positive cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Fish-HFDS-fed mice showed significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain compared to Cocoa-HFDS-fed mice. Fish-HFDS group had lower fasting blood glucose concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for both GTT and ITT. Plasma c-peptide, insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 concentrations were increased in the Fish-HFDS group. Interestingly, mice fed the Fish-HFDS diet displayed higher plasma leptin concentration. Histochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in endocrine pancreas β-cells and islet numbers in mice fed Fish-HFDS compared to the Cocoa-HFDS group. Taken together, these findings suggest that in a high-fat/high-sucrose dietary setting, the source of the fat, especially fish oil, can ameliorate the effect of sucrose on glucose homeostasis and endocrine pancreas morphology and function.