Long-Term Supplementation of Ozonated Sunflower Oil Improves Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Inflammation in Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish: Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation against Carboxymethyllysine Toxicity.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) on lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic zebrafish and their embryos, comparing its efficacy to regular sunflower oil (SO).
Results Summary
OSO demonstrated superior protection against acute embryo death, reduced ROS production, and lowered inflammation and blood lipid levels compared to SO. Long-term OSO supplementation improved survivability and reduced hepatic inflammation and lipid levels in zebrafish fed a high-cholesterol diet.
Population
Adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish and their embryos.
Effective Dosage
Microinjection (final 2%, 10 nL); dietary supplementation (final 20%, wt/wt).
Duration
Short-term (acute effects); long-term (6 months).
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Microinjection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 2%, 10 nL) | increase | survival | zebrafish embryos under the presence of carboxymethyllysine (CML, 500 ng) | up to 61% survival | protected acute embryo death | #1 |
Microinjection of sunflower oil (SO) (final 2%) | increase | survival | zebrafish embryos under the presence of carboxymethyllysine (CML, 500 ng) | around 42% survival | showed much less protection | #2 |
Microinjection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) | decrease | reactive oxygen species (ROS) production | zebrafish embryos in the CML induced embryo toxicity | - | was more effective than SO to inhibit | #3 |
Microinjection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) | decrease | apoptosis | zebrafish embryos in the CML induced embryo toxicity | - | was more effective than SO to inhibit | #4 |
Intraperitoneal injection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) under the presence of CML | decrease | mortality | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish from CML-induced neurotoxicity | - | protected acute death | #5 |
Intraperitoneal injection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) under the presence of CML | decrease | hepatic inflammation | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | improved | #6 |
Intraperitoneal injection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) under the presence of CML | decrease | ROS | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | less detection of | #7 |
Intraperitoneal injection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) under the presence of CML | decrease | interleukin (IL)-6 | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | less detection of | #8 |
Intraperitoneal injection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) under the presence of CML | decrease | blood total cholesterol (TC) | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | lowering | #9 |
Intraperitoneal injection of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) under the presence of CML | decrease | blood triglyceride (TG) | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | lowering | #10 |
Intraperitoneal injection of sunflower oil (SO) under the presence of CML | no change | CML-toxicity | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | did not protect | #11 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | increase | survivability | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | resulted in higher survivability | #12 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | decrease | plasma TC levels | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | significant lowering of | #13 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | decrease | plasma TG levels | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | significant lowering of | #14 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | decrease | hepatic inflammation | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | showed the least | #15 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | decrease | fatty liver change | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | showed the least | #16 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | decrease | ROS production | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | showed the least | #17 |
Long-term supplementation of Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) (final 20%, wt/wt) with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 months | decrease | IL-6 production | adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish | - | showed the least | #18 |
Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) is a well-known functional oil with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, and skin-moisturizing properties. However, studies on the effects of OSO on high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced metabolic disorders have been scarce. In the current study, we aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of OSO on lipid metabolism in adult hypercholesterolemic zebrafish and its embryos. Microinjection of OSO (final 2%, 10 nL) into zebrafish embryos under the presence of carboxymethyllysine (CML, 500 ng) protected acute embryo death up to 61% survival, while sunflower oil (final 2%) showed much less protection at around 42% survival. The microinjection of OSO was more effective than SO to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in the CML induced embryo toxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of OSO under the presence of CML protected acute death from CML-induced neurotoxicity with improved hepatic inflammation, less detection of ROS and interleukin (IL)-6, and lowering blood total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), while the SO-injected group did not protect the CML-toxicity. Long-term supplementation of OSO (final 20%, wt/wt) with HCD for 6 months resulted in higher survivability than the HCD alone group or HCD + SO group (final 20%, wt/wt) with significant lowering of plasma TC and TG levels. The HCD + OSO group showed the least hepatic inflammation, fatty liver change, ROS, and IL-6 production. In conclusion, short-term treatment of OSO by injection exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity against acute neurotoxicity of CML in zebrafish and their embryo. Long-term supplementation of OSO in the diet also revealed the highest survivability and blood lipid-lowering effect through potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.