Extended one generation reproductive toxicity study and effect on gut flora of genetically modified rice rich in β-carotene in wistar rats.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the reproductive and developmental toxicity of gene-modified rice (enriched with Beta-Carotene via Psy and CrtI genes) compared to non-GM rice in Wistar rats.
Results Summary
The study found no biologically relevant differences in reproductive performance, developmental parameters, or immunotoxicity between GM and non-GM rice groups. GM rice improved IgG indicators in offspring and increased gut microflora diversity without adverse effects or horizontal gene transfer.
Population
Wistar rats (F0 and F1 generations).
Effective Dosage
GM rice (Heijinmi) and non-GM rice (Heishuai) formulated at 73.5% and 75.5% of the diet, respectively.
Duration
From parental generation (F0) to offspring (F1).
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psy and CrtI gene modified rice mixture diet (GM group) | no change | reproductive performance (fertility rate, gestation rate, mean duration, hormone level, and reproductive organ pathology) | Wistar rats (F0 to F1 generations) | - | no biologically relevant differences were observed | #1 |
Psy and CrtI gene modified rice mixture diet (GM group) | no change | developmental parameters (body weight, food consumption, developmental neurotoxicity, behavior, hematology, and serum chemistry) | Wistar rats (F0 to F1 generations) | - | results were not significantly different | #2 |
Psy and CrtI gene modified rice mixture diet (GM group) | increase | IgG indicators | offspring from the GM group | - | improved | #3 |
Psy and CrtI gene modified rice mixture diet (GM group) | increase | gut microflora diversity | F0 generation rats | - | elicited an increased | #4 |
GM rice HJM diet | no change | Psy and CrtI genes | rats | - | no horizontal gene transfer | #5 |
GM rice | no change | reproductive toxicity | - | - | no adverse effects | #6 |
To evaluate the reproductive toxicity of gene modified rice generated by introducing phytoene synthase (Psy) and bacterial phytoene desaturase (CrtI) from maize and Erwinia uredovora, Wistar rats were allocated into 3 groups and fed with Psy and CrtI gene modified rice mixture diet (GM group), non-gene modified rice mixture diet (non-GM group), and AIN-93 diet (Blank control group) from parental generation (F0) to the offsprings (F1). GM rice, Heijinmi (HJM) and Non-GM rice, Heishuai (HS), were both formulated into diets at ratios of 73.5% and 75.5% according to the AIN93 diet for rodent animals, respectively. Relative to the non-GM group, no biologically relevant differences were observed in GM group rats concerning reproductive performance such as fertility rate, gestation rate, mean duration, hormone level, and reproductive organ pathology. The developmental parameters results were not significantly different from the non-GM group such as body weight, food consumption, developmental neurotoxicity, behavior, hematology, and serum chemistry. In terms of immunotoxicity, the IgG indicators of offspring from the GM group improved in contrast with the non-GM group. Additional gut flora analysis of F0 generation rats resulted as that the treatment elicited an increased gut microflora diversity of F0 rats. And no horizontal gene transfer of Psy and CrtI genes in rats fed a GM rice HJM diet. In conclusion, we found no adverse effects related to GM rice in the extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study, indicating that GM rice is a safe alternative for its counterpart rice regarding reproductive toxicity.