The Vitamin D Serum Levels in Pregnant Women Affected by COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection and severity in pregnant women.
Results Summary
The study found that vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women with COVID-19, and lower serum vitamin D levels correlated with increased disease severity. Vitamin D levels were also linked to the occurrence and symptoms of COVID-19, suggesting prenatal supplementation may be beneficial.
Population
Pregnant women (COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D | neutral | immune responses | - | - | can modulate | #1 |
Vitamin D deficiency | increase | autoimmunity and susceptibility to infection | - | - | is linked to increased | #2 |
serum vitamin D levels | neutral | the risk of COVID-19 and its severity | the general population | - | are connected with | #3 |
serum vitamin D levels | no change | serum vitamin D levels | COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pregnant women | 24.61 ± 20.86 ng/mL and 24.12 ± 17.33 ng/mL | were | #4 |
vitamin D serum levels | decrease | vitamin D serum levels | mild vs. moderate to critical COVID-19 pregnant women | 16.71 ± 9.04 ng/mL vs. 10.7 ± 9.37 ng/mL | were | #5 |
vitamin D serum levels | decrease | vitamin D serum levels | severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 pregnant women | 13.21 ± 11.47 ng/mL vs. 15.76 ± 10.0 ng/mL | were | #6 |
vitamin D serum levels | increase | vitamin D serum levels in the placenta | COVID-19-positive pregnant women compared with the control | 14.06 ± 0.51 ng/mL vs. 12.45 ± 0.58 ng/mL | varied and amounted to | #7 |
Vitamin D deficiency | neutral | pregnant women who have COVID-19 | pregnant women who have COVID-19 | - | tends to be common in | #8 |
the level of this vitamin | neutral | the severity of the illness | pregnant women who have COVID-19 | - | has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with | #9 |
vitamin D serum levels | neutral | COVID-19 symptoms and even with its occurrence | - | - | correlate with | #10 |
appropriate vitamin D supplementation | neutral | - | in the prenatal period | - | is suggested | #11 |
Vitamin D can modulate immune responses, and its deficiency is linked to increased autoimmunity and susceptibility to infection. In the general population, it has been observed that serum vitamin D levels are connected with the risk of COVID-19 and its severity. Our study aims to examine reported findings on the effect of vitamin D serum levels on infection of COVID-19 during pregnancy. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Serum vitamin D serum levels in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pregnant women were 24.61 ± 20.86 ng/mL and 24.12 ± 17.33 ng/mL, respectively. In mild vs. moderate to critical COVID-19 pregnant women, vitamin D serum levels were 16.71 ± 9.04 ng/mL vs. 10.7 ± 9.37 ng/mL and severe vs. non-severe were 13.21 ± 11.47 ng/mL vs. 15.76 ± 10.0 ng/mL. Only one study reported vitamin D serum levels in the placenta of COVID-19-positive pregnant women compared with the control and results varied and amounted to 14.06 ± 0.51 ng/mL vs. 12.45 ± 0.58 ng/mL, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency tends to be common in pregnant women who have COVID-19, and the level of this vitamin has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with the severity of the illness. As vitamin D serum levels correlate with COVID-19 symptoms and even with its occurrence, appropriate vitamin D supplementation in the prenatal period is suggested.