Impact of one-day fasting, ketogenic diet or exogenous ketones on control of energy balance in healthy participants.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of a one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet, fasting, and ketone salt supplementation on energy expenditure and appetite perception.
Results Summary
The study found that a 24-hour ketogenic diet increased total and sleeping energy expenditure compared to an isocaloric diet, while exogenous ketones did not improve energy balance regulation. No differences in subjective appetite ratings were observed between interventions.
Population
Eight healthy young adults (4 women, 4 men, age 24 ± 3 years, BMI 24.3 ± 3.1 kg/m²).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
24 hours
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet | increase | total energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | +110 ± 54 kcal/d vs. ISO | increased | #1 |
one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet | increase | sleeping energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | +201 ± 90 kcal/d vs. ISO | increased | #2 |
supplementation with ketone salts | decrease | CHO oxidation | eight healthy young adults | -48 ± 27 g/d | slightly decreased | #3 |
supplementation with ketone salts | increase | positive CHO balance | eight healthy young adults | - | resulted in | #4 |
one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet | no change | total energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | - | did not differ | #5 |
fasting | no change | total energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | - | did not differ | #6 |
supplementation with ketone salts | no change | total energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | - | did not differ | #7 |
one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet | no change | sleeping energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | - | did not differ | #8 |
fasting | no change | sleeping energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | - | did not differ | #9 |
supplementation with ketone salts | no change | sleeping energy expenditure | eight healthy young adults | - | did not differ | #10 |
one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet | no change | subjective appetite ratings | eight healthy young adults | - | No differences were found for | #11 |
fasting | no change | subjective appetite ratings | eight healthy young adults | - | No differences were found for | #12 |
supplementation with ketone salts | no change | subjective appetite ratings | eight healthy young adults | - | No differences were found for | #13 |
fasting | increase | ketone levels | eight healthy young adults | - | were considerably higher | #14 |
one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet | increase | ketone levels | eight healthy young adults | - | were considerably higher | #15 |
supplementation with ketone salts | increase | ketone levels | eight healthy young adults | - | were little higher | #16 |
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Oral ketone supplements may mimic the beneficial effects of endogenous ketones on energy metabolism as β-hydroxybutyrate has been proposed to increase energy expenditure and improve body weight regulation. Therefore, our objective was to compare the effects of a one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet, fasting and supplementation with ketone salts on energy expenditure and appetite perception. METHODS: Eight healthy young adults (4 women, 4 men, age 24 ± 3 years, BMI 24.3 ± 3.1 kg/m RESULTS: Compared to ISO, ketone levels were considerably higher with FAST and KETO and little higher with EXO (all p > 0.05). Total and sleeping energy expenditure did not differ between ISO, FAST and EXO whereas KETO increased TEE (+110 ± 54 kcal/d vs. ISO, p < 0.05) and SEE (+201 ± 90 kcal/d vs. ISO, p < 0.05). CHO oxidation was slightly decreased with EXO compared to ISO (-48 ± 27 g/d, p < 0.05) resulting in a positive CHO balance (p < 0.05). No differences between the interventions were found for subjective appetite ratings (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A 24 h-ketogenic diet may contribute to maintain a neutral energy balance by increasing energy expenditure. Exogenous ketones in addition to an isocaloric diet did not improve regulation of energy balance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04490226 https://clinicaltrials.gov/.