Oral ω-3 PUFA supplementation modulates inflammation in adipose tissue depots in morbidly obese women: A randomized trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of a ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet versus a low-calorie diet on inflammatory markers in different adipose tissue depots of obese women before bariatric surgery.
Results Summary
The ω-3 PUFA diet reduced inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue, particularly lowering CD45, CCL2, and CD68 expression, but did not significantly affect clinical parameters like insulin resistance or inflammatory cytokines. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues responded differently to the diets, and diabetes status influenced inflammatory marker expression.
Population
Obese women scheduled for laparoscopic bypass surgery.
Effective Dosage
920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily.
Duration
4 weeks for ω-3 PUFA diet, 2 weeks for low-calorie diet.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | decrease | chronic inflammatory state characterized by ATM markers | obese women | - | mostly improved | #1 |
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | decrease | CD45 | obese women | - | decreased expression | #2 |
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | decrease | CCL2 | obese women | - | decreased expression | #3 |
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | decrease | CD68 | obese women | - | decreased expression | #4 |
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | decrease | Netrin-1 | patients with type 2 diabetes | - | lowered the expression | #5 |
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | neutral | inflammatory state in different adipose tissue depots | obese women | - | influences | #6 |
ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) | no change | clinical parameters such as insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines | obese women | - | was not reflected | #7 |
OBJECTIVES: Obesity is characterized by local and systemic low-grade inflammatory responses. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) play decisive roles in inflammation, insulin signaling, and various metabolic dysfunctions. Diets enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to improve health and mitigate pathologic conditions. However, the effects of ω-3 PUFA on adipose tissue inflammation, ATM number, and phenotype are poorly defined in human obesity. The aim of this study was to examine differences in expression of metabolic-inflammatory markers in omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous fat depots of obese women supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs for 4 wk compared with a low-calorie diet before bariatric surgery. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, inflammatory markers in the abdominal adipose tissue and the systemic response in obese women were studied. Patients were treated with a 2-wk low-calorie diet (LCD) or a 4-wk ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) before laparoscopic bypass surgery. Omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected during surgery and analyzed for quantity and phenotype of ATMs, and profiled for adipokines, cytokines, and signal transduction molecules. RESULTS: The chronic inflammatory state characterized by ATM markers was mostly improved by ω-3 PUFAs in visceral adipose tissue. We observed a decreased expression of CD45, CCL2, and CD68, indicating a lower inflammatory state. In patients with type 2 diabetes, ω-3 PUFAs lowered the expression of Netrin-1. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with an LCD, a diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs influences the inflammatory state in different adipose tissue depots, by affecting markers of adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage phenotype, and retention. However, this was not reflected in clinical parameters such as insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue have different responses to an LCD or a ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet. The presence of diabetes modifies the expression of inflammatory markers.