Dietary therapy with low protein genmai (brown rice) to improve the gut-kidney axis and reduce CKD progression.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine if low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) could improve chronic kidney disease management by retaining functional features of brown rice while reducing protein and harmful mineral content.
Results Summary
The study found that replacing staple foods with LPFG reduced protein intake, improved gut microbiota, decreased urinary protein excretion, and enhanced kidney function without side dish restrictions. Preliminary results showed reduced constipation and improved glomerular and tubular function after 3 months.
Population
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
Effective Dosage
Not specified (staple food replacement without side dish restriction).
Duration
3 months.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | decrease | negative spiral of gut-kidney associative spiral attributable to uremic dysbiosis and a leaky gut | - | - | lessening | #1 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | decrease | constipation | CKD patients | - | reduced | #2 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | increase | Blautia wexlerae | CKD patients | - | increased | #3 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | increase | Bifidobacteria | CKD patients | - | increased | #4 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | increase | acetic acid | CKD patients | - | increased | #5 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | decrease | potentially harmful bacteria | CKD patients | - | decrease | #6 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | decrease | Protein intake | CKD patients | from 60 to 50 g per day | decreased | #7 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | decrease | Urinary protein excretion | CKD patients | from 510 to 300 mg per day | decreased | #8 |
Low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) (LPFG) | decrease | β2-microglobulin | CKD patients | from 926 to 250 μg/L | decreased | #9 |
Adherence to the LPFG diet | increase | glomerular and tubular function | CKD patients | - | enabled improvement | #10 |
Low protein rice can be part of a nutritionally adequate dietary pattern in the prevention of chronic kidney disease. We developed a low protein fermented genmai (brown rice) LPFG) to improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) management. The principal functional features of brown rice are retained in LPFG, lessening the negative spiral of gut-kidney associative spiral attributable to uremic dysbiosis and a leaky gut. LPFG is characterized by (1) an energy value the same as white rice, (2) a protein content less than 0.2 g/ 100 g, (3) a potassium content almost zero, (4) phosphorus less than a quarter that of conventional rice, (5) the presence of dietary fiber, (6) having γ-oryzanol, and (7) antioxidant activity. Dietary therapy for CKD patients is challenged by the joint needs to provide enough energy and to restrict protein. Patients replaced staple foods with LPFG without side dish restriction. Preliminary study of intervention with 3 months of LPFG reduced constipation probably by increased Blautia wexlerae, Bifidobacteria, acetic acid, and a decrease in potentially harmful bacteria. Protein intake decreased from 60 to 50 g per day. Urinary protein excretion decreased from 510 to 300 mg per day, and β2-microglobulin from 926 to 250 μg/L. Adherence to the LPFG diet enabled improvement in glomerular and tubular function.