An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone homeostasis, and immune-related diseases.
Results Summary
The study found that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are linked to increased risk of immune-related diseases, and supplementation may help treat these conditions, though outcomes vary due to inter-individual differences. Optimal serum levels are suggested to be 30-60 ng/mL for health benefits.
Population
General population with focus on immune-related diseases (e.g., psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diseases).
Effective Dosage
Not specified (recommended serum levels: 30-60 ng/mL).
Duration
Not specified.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D | neutral | calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis | - | - | intervenes in | #1 |
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) | neutral | the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability | - | - | generates immunologic activities on | #2 |
- | increase | immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases | - | - | associated with an increased risk of developing | #3 |
supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites | neutral | these diseases | - | variable outcomes | efficacy for treating | #4 |
vitamin D | neutral | different disease outcomes | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells | - | treatment with | #5 |
increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure | increase | serum 25(OH)D | - | 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L) | to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of | #6 |
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D.