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The effect of zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Acta diabetologica
July 1, 2022
John R Attia et al. (16 authors)
Journal ArticleRandomized Controlled TrialHuman StudyClinical
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to test the effectiveness of zinc supplementation on glycemic control in pre-diabetic adults consuming a Western diet.

Results Summary

The study found no statistically significant differences in glycemic control (HbA1c or FBG) or secondary outcomes between zinc supplementation and placebo groups in pre-diabetic adults. Zinc was well-tolerated with high compliance, but results did not support its use in populations with a Western diet.

Population

Pre-diabetic adults (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%) in Australia.

Effective Dosage

30 mg zinc gluconate daily.

Duration

12 months.

Interactions

None mentioned.

Extracted Claims (9)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
zinc supplementation
no change
HbA1c
pre-diabetic adults
-0.02 (-0.14, 0.11, p = 0.78)
neither of which were statistically significant
#1
zinc supplementation
no change
fasting blood glucose (FBG)
pre-diabetic adults
0.17 (-0.07, 0.42; p = 0.17)
neither of which were statistically significant
#2
zinc supplementation
no change
Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 (HOMA 2) parameters
pre-diabetic adults
-
no significant differences between groups
#3
zinc supplementation
no change
lipids
pre-diabetic adults
-
no significant differences between groups
#4
zinc supplementation
no change
body weight
pre-diabetic adults
-
no significant differences between groups
#5
zinc supplementation
no change
waist circumference
pre-diabetic adults
-
no significant differences between groups
#6
zinc supplementation
no change
blood pressure
pre-diabetic adults
-
no significant differences between groups
#7
zinc supplementation
no change
pulse
pre-diabetic adults
-
no significant differences between groups
#8
zinc supplementation
no change
glycaemic control
populations with a Western diet
-
do not support the use
#9
Abstract

AIMS: The burden and health costs of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus continue to increase globally and prevention strategies in at-risk people need to be explored. Previous work, in both animal models and humans, supports the role of zinc in improving glucose homeostasis. We, therefore, aimed to test the effectiveness of zinc supplementation on glycaemic control in pre-diabetic adults. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across 10 General Practitioner (GP) practices in NSW, Australia. The trial is known as Zinc in Preventing the Progression of pre-Diabetes (ZIPPeD)Study. Pre-diabetic (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 5.7-6.4%, 39-46 mmol/mol) men and women (N = 98) were all assigned to a free state government telephone health coaching service (New South Wales Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service) and then randomised to either daily 30 mg zinc gluconate or placebo. Blood tests were collected at baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months for the primary outcomes (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG)); secondary outcomes included Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 (HOMA 2) parameters, lipids, body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and pulse. RESULTS: The baseline-adjusted mean group difference at 6 months, expressed as treatment-placebo, (95% CI) was -0.02 (-0.14, 0.11, p = 0.78) for HbA1c and 0.17 (-0.07, 0.42; p = 0.17) for FBG, neither of which were statistically significant. There were also no significant differences between groups in any of the secondary outcomes. Zinc was well tolerated, and compliance was high (88%). CONCLUSION: We believe our results are consistent with other Western clinical trial studies and do not support the use of supplemental zinc in populations with a Western diet. There may still be a role for supplemental zinc in the developing world where diets may be zinc deficient. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618001120268. Registered on 6 July 2018.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
AustraliaBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary SupplementsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHomeostasisHumansPrediabetic StateZinc
Study Links
Quality Scores
Safety85
Efficacy20/10
Quality80/10
Citation Metrics
Total Citations13
Citations/Year4.3
Relative Citation Ratio2.23
NIH Percentile77.7%
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.75
Weight Score2.69
Normalized Score0.58
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