Effects of the Modified DASH Diet on Adults With Elevated Blood Pressure or Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to assess the effects of the modified DASH diet on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults.
Results Summary
The modified DASH diet significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and triglyceride concentration, with greater reductions observed in patients with higher baseline BP or BMI and longer follow-up periods.
Population
Hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Varied (follow-up periods >8 weeks showed more marked effects)
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
modified DASH diet | decrease | mean systolic BP | hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults | -3.26 mmHg | could reduce | #1 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | mean diastolic BP | hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults | -2.07 mmHg | could reduce | #2 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | systolic BP | trials with a mean baseline BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg | - | could reduce systolic BP to a greater extent | #3 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | diastolic BP | trials with a mean body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 | - | Diastolic BP reduction was greater | #4 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | diastolic BP | trials with a follow-up time of >8 weeks | - | Diastolic BP reduction was more marked | #5 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | mean waist circumference | hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults | difference: 1.57 cm | could affect | #6 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | triglyceride concentration | hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults | difference: 1.04 mol/L | could affect | #7 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | BP | hypertension patients | - | can reduce | #8 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | waist circumference | hypertension patients | - | can reduce | #9 |
modified DASH diet | decrease | triglyceride concentration | hypertension patients | - | can reduce | #10 |
- | decrease | systolic and diastolic BP reduction | - | - | is associated with more marked | #11 |
Background: The modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was a potentially effective treatment for pre-hypertensive and hypertensive patients. The evidence for the effect of the modified DASH diet on blood pressure reduction was inconsistent. The study was designed to assess the effects of the modified DASH diet on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive adults. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, SINOMED, Google Scholar, the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to July 1st, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of the modified DASH diet on systolic and diastolic BP, cardiovascular risk factors (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood lipids), cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool and quality of evidence with GRADE. Results: A total of 10 RCTs were included. Compared with control diet, the modified DASH diet could reduce mean systolic (-3.26 mmHg; 95% confidence interval -5.58, -0.94 mmHg; P = 0.006) and diastolic (-2.07 mmHg; 95% confidence interval -3.68, -0.46 mmHg; P = 0.01) BP. Compared with the controlling diet, the modified DASH diet could reduce systolic BP to a greater extent in trials with a mean baseline BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg compared with <140/90 mmHg. Diastolic BP reduction was greater when the mean body mass index was ≥30 kg/m2 than <30 kg/m2. Diastolic BP reduction was more marked in trials with a follow-up time of >8 weeks compared with ≤8 weeks. The modified DASH diet could affect mean waist circumference (difference: 1.57 cm; 95% confidence interval -2.98, -0.15) and triglyceride concentration (difference: 1.04 mol/L; 95% confidence interval -1.47, -0.60). Conclusions: The modified DASH diet can reduce BP, waist circumference, and triglyceride concentration in hypertension patients. A higher baseline BP is associated with more marked systolic and diastolic BP reduction. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020190860.