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Synergistic potential of dual andrographolide and melatonin targeting of metastatic colon cancer cells: Using the Chou-Talalay combination index method.

European journal of pharmacology
January 1, 1970
Vivekjyoti Banerjee et al. (8 authors)
Comparative StudyJournal ArticleMolecular Study
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to evaluate the synergistic anti-carcinogenic effects of melatonin (MLT) and andrographolide (AGP) on metastatic colon cancer cells (mCRC) and colospheroids.

Results Summary

The study found that MLT and AGP in combination showed strong synergistic effects (CI < 1) in reducing cell viability in mCRC cells and colospheroids, with mechanisms involving ER stress protein induction and angiogenic inhibition. The combination also demonstrated efficacy in 5-FU drug-resistant cells.

Population

Metastatic colon cancer cells (HT-29, HCT-15) and colospheroids (HT-29-s, HCT-15-s), including 5-FU-resistant variants (HT-29R, HCT-116R).

Effective Dosage

Serial dilutions (specific amounts not stated).

Duration

24, 48, and 72 hours.

Interactions

None mentioned.

Extracted Claims (8)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
increase
drug interaction
HT-29 metastatic colon cancer cells
CI value of 0.35293
show synergism
#1
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
increase
drug interaction
HCT-15 metastatic colon cancer cells
CI value of 0.34152
show synergism
#2
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
increase
fractional inhibition
HT-29 and HCT-15 metastatic colon cancer cells
Fa = 0.50-0.90
show synergism
#3
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
decrease
cell viability
colospheroids (HT-29-s and HCT-15-s)
-
decreased
#4
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
decrease
colony formation
colospheroids (HT-29-s and HCT-15-s)
-
decreased
#5
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
decrease
cell viability
5-FU drug resistant cells (HT-29R and HCT-116R)
-
decreased
#6
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
increase
ER stress proteins
metastatic colon cancer cells
-
induction of
#7
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) in combination
decrease
angiogenesis
metastatic colon cancer cells
-
angiogenic inhibition
#8
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality has diminished for decades due to new and improved treatment profiles. However, CRC still ranks as the third most diagnosed cancer in the US. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach is needed to overcome colospheroids inhibition and drug resistance. It is well documented that andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) have anti-carcinogenic properties. Our goal was to evaluate their synergistic effects on metastatic colon cancer cells (mCRC) and colospheroids. HT-29 and HCT-15 mCRC cells were simultaneously treated with serial dilutions of AGP and MLT for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was monitored using the MTT assay. The Chou-Talalay method for drug combination is based on the median effect equation, providing a theoretical basis for the combination index and the isobologram equation. This allows quantitative determination of drug interactions using the CompuSyn software, where CI < 1, = 1, and >1 indicates synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects respectively. Our results demonstrate that AGP and MLT in combination show synergism with CI values of 0.35293 and 0.34152 for HT-29 and HCT-15 respectively and a fractional inhibition of Fa = 0.50-0.90, as shown by the Fa-CI plot and isobologram. The synergism value was validated in colospheroids (HT-29-s and HCT-15-s) based on morphology, viability, and colony formation and in 5-FU drug resistant cell (HT-29R and HCT-116R) viability. The mechanism(s) of decreased cell viability are due to the induction of ER stress proteins and angiogenic inhibition. Our results provide rationale for using AGP in combination with MLT on mCRC.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Angiogenesis InhibitorsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCell SurvivalColonic NeoplasmsDiterpenesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Resistance, NeoplasmEndoplasmic Reticulum StressHCT116 CellsHT29 CellsHumansMelatoninNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplastic Stem CellsSpheroids, Cellular
Study Links
Quality Scores
SafetyNot Assessed
Efficacy85/10
Quality78/10
Citation Metrics
Total Citations36
Citations/Year9.0
Relative Citation Ratio3.33
NIH Percentile87.1%
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.25
Weight Score0.89
Normalized Score0.70
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