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Cardioprotective Function of Green Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Extract Supplementation in Ex Vivo Ischemic Prediabetic Rat Hearts.

Planta medica
January 1, 2022
Sybrand Engelbrecht Smit et al. (5 authors)
Journal ArticleAnimal Study
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of Afriplex green rooibos extract against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats with cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction.

Results Summary

Afriplex green rooibos extract reduced infarct size, improved heart function, lowered inflammation, and decreased oxidative stress in high-caloric diet rats. It also modulated key metabolic and stress signaling pathways, enhancing cardioprotection during ischemia/reperfusion.

Population

Male Wistar rats fed a high-caloric diet to induce prediabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Effective Dosage

60 mg/kg/day (containing 12.48% aspalathin).

Duration

6 weeks.

Interactions

None mentioned.

Extracted Claims (27)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
High-caloric diet
increase
body weight
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#1
High-caloric diet
increase
body fat
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#2
High-caloric diet
increase
fasting serum triglycerides
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#3
High-caloric diet
increase
homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#4
High-caloric diet
increase
heart mass
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#5
High-caloric diet
increase
infarct size
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#6
High-caloric diet
decrease
heart function
male Wistar rats
-
decreased
#7
Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk
decrease
pre-ischemic heart rate
male Wistar rats
-
lowered
#8
Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk
decrease
infarct size
male Wistar rats
-
reduced
#9
Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk
increase
heart function pre- and post-ischemia
male Wistar rats
-
improved
#10
Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk
no change
biometric parameters
male Wistar rats
no significant change
without significantly affecting
#11
High-caloric diet
decrease
insulin independence via adenosine monophosphate activated kinase
male Wistar rats
-
decreased
#12
High-caloric diet
increase
inflammation (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)
male Wistar rats
-
increased
#13
Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment
decrease
insulin dependence (protein kinase B)
male Wistar rats
-
decreased
#14
Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment
decrease
anti-inflammatory effect
male Wistar rats
-
conferred
#15
High-caloric diet
increase
ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase
male Wistar rats
-
upregulated
#16
High-caloric diet
decrease
insulin independence
male Wistar rats
-
decreased
#17
High-caloric diet
decrease
insulin dependence
male Wistar rats
-
downregulated
#18
High-caloric diet
decrease
glycogen synthase kinase 3 β inhibition
male Wistar rats
-
downregulated
#19
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation
decrease
insulin independence
male Wistar rats
-
downregulated
#20
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation
decrease
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2
male Wistar rats
-
inhibited
#21
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation
decrease
oxidative stress (c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2)
male Wistar rats
-
reduced
#22
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation
decrease
inflammation
male Wistar rats
-
reduced
#23
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk
increase
cardiovascular disease-compromised rat hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury
male Wistar rats
-
preconditioned
#24
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk
decrease
inflammation
male Wistar rats
-
by lowering
#25
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk
decrease
oxidative stress
male Wistar rats
-
by lowering
#26
Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk
decrease
heart rate
male Wistar rats
-
by lowering
#27
Abstract

Diabetic patients develop ischemic heart disease and strokes more readily. Following an ischemic event, restoration of blood flow increases oxidative stress resulting in myocardial damage, termed ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos), rich in the antioxidant phenolic compound aspalathin, has been implicated as cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury with undefined mechanism in control rats. Primarily, the therapeutic potential of Afriplex green rooibos extract to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiovascular disease-compromised rats was investigated. Additionally, Afriplex Green rooibos extract's cardioprotective signaling on metabolic markers and stress markers was determined using western blotting. Three hundred male Wistar rats received either 16-wk standard diet or high-caloric diet. During the final 6 wk, half received 60 mg/kg/day Afriplex green rooibos extract, containing 12.48% aspalathin. High-caloric diet increased body weight, body fat, fasting serum triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance - indicative of prediabetes. High-caloric diet rats had increased heart mass, infarct size, and decreased heart function. Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment for 6 wk lowered pre-ischemic heart rate, reduced infarct size, and improved heart function pre- and post-ischemia, without significantly affecting biometric parameters. Stabilized high-caloric diet hearts had decreased insulin independence via adenosine monophosphate activated kinase and increased inflammation (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase), whereas Afriplex green rooibos extract treatment decreased insulin dependence (protein kinase B) and conferred anti-inflammatory effect. After 20 min ischemia, high-caloric diet hearts had upregulated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase decreased insulin independence, and downregulated insulin dependence and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β inhibition. In contrast, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation downregulated insulin independence and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. During reperfusion, all protective signaling was decreased in high-caloric diet, while Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation reduced oxidative stress (c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2) and inflammation. Taken together, Afriplex green rooibos extract supplementation for 6 wk preconditioned cardiovascular disease-compromised rat hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering inflammation, oxidative stress, and heart rate.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
AnimalsAspalathusDietary SupplementsHumansIschemiaPlant ExtractsPrediabetic StateRatsRats, Wistar
Study Links
Quality Scores
SafetyNot Assessed
Efficacy85/10
Quality80/10
Citation Metrics
Total Citations4
Citations/Year1.3
Relative Citation Ratio0.83
NIH Percentile43.2%
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.05
Weight Score1.24
Normalized Score0.70
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