Effect of the intake of dietary protein on insulin resistance in subjects with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of high-protein diets from different sources (animal vs. vegetable) on insulin sensitivity in obese individuals with insulin resistance.
Results Summary
High-protein hypocaloric diets (both animal and vegetable sources) significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced fat mass, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers, and increased skeletal muscle mass after one month. Blood pressure decreased in most groups except the animal normal-protein group.
Population
Eighty subjects with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and insulin resistance.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
One month
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein | increase | insulin sensitivity (IS) | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | improved more | #1 |
Animal HP diet | increase | Matsuda index | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | 1.39 vs 2.58 | improved more | #2 |
Vegetable HP diet | increase | Matsuda index | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | 1.44 vs 3.14 | improved more | #3 |
Animal HP diet | decrease | fat mass | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #4 |
Vegetable HP diet | decrease | fat mass | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #5 |
Animal HP diet | decrease | triglyceride levels | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #6 |
Vegetable HP diet | decrease | triglyceride levels | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #7 |
Animal HP diet | decrease | C-reactive protein levels | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #8 |
Vegetable HP diet | decrease | C-reactive protein levels | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #9 |
Animal HP diet | decrease | leptin/adiponectin index | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #10 |
Vegetable HP diet | decrease | leptin/adiponectin index | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #11 |
Animal HP diet | increase | skeletal muscle mass | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | increased | #12 |
Vegetable HP diet | increase | skeletal muscle mass | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | increased | #13 |
high-protein hypocaloric diets | increase | insulin sensitivity (IS) | subjects with obesity and IR | 60-90% | improves | #14 |
diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein | decrease | body weight | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #15 |
diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein | decrease | BMI | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #16 |
diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein | decrease | waist circumference | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #17 |
Animal NP diet | no change | BP | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #18 |
diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein | decrease | BP | subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) | - | decreased | #19 |
PURPOSE: We compared the effect of diets with different amounts and sources of dietary protein on insulin sensitivity (IS) in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS: Eighty subjects with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m RESULTS: Body weight, BMI and waist circumference decreased in all groups. Interestingly, the IS improved more in the Animal HP (Matsuda index; 1.39 vs 2.58, P = 0.003) and in the Vegetable HP groups (Matsuda index; 1.44 vs 3.14, P < 0.0001) after one month. The fat mass, triglyceride levels, C-reactive protein levels and the leptin/adiponectin index decreased; while, the skeletal muscle mass increased in the Animal and Vegetable HP groups. The BP decreased in all groups except the Animal NP group. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that a high-protein hypocaloric diets improves IS by 60-90% after one month in subjects with obesity and IR, regardless of weight loss and the source of protein, either animal or vegetable. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03627104), August 13, 2018.