Impact of combined training with different exercise intensities on inflammatory and lipid markers in type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis from a 1-year randomized controlled trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) versus moderate continuous training (MCT) combined with RT on inflammatory and lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Results Summary
Both HIIT with RT and MCT with RT improved Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, but only HIIT with RT showed significant improvements in total cholesterol and LDL-C compared to the control group. No significant effects were observed for other inflammatory or lipid markers like CRP, cortisol, TNF-α, sCD163, triglycerides, or HDL-C.
Population
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (n=80, aged 59 years).
Effective Dosage
Supervised exercise sessions 3 days per week.
Duration
1 year.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | decrease | total cholesterol | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | β = - 0.03 | improved | #1 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | decrease | LDL-C | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | β = - 0.03 | improved | #2 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | decrease | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | β = - 0.62 | observed a time-by-group interaction for | #3 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | decrease | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | β = - 0.70 | observed a time-by-group interaction for | #4 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | C-reactive protein (CRP) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #5 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | cortisol | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #6 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #7 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #8 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | triglycerides | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #9 |
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | HDL-C | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #10 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | C-reactive protein (CRP) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #11 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | cortisol | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #12 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #13 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163) | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #14 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | triglycerides | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #15 |
moderate continuous training (MCT) with resistance training (RT) | no change | HDL-C | individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | - | No effect was observed for | #16 |
BACKGROUND: Exercise is a well-accepted strategy to improve lipid and inflammatory profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exercise intensity having the most benefits on lipids and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of a 1-year combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT), and a moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on inflammatory and lipid profile in individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Individuals with T2DM (n = 80, aged 59 years) performed a 1-year randomized controlled trial and were randomized into three groups (control, n = 27; HIIT with RT, n = 25; MCT with RT, n = 28). Exercise sessions were supervised with a frequency of 3 days per week. Inflammatory and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Changes in inflammatory and lipid markers were assessed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we observed a time-by-group interaction for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both the MCT with RT (β = - 0.70, p = 0.034) and HIIT with RT (β = - 0.62, p = 0.049) groups, whereas, only the HIIT with RT group improved total cholesterol (β = - 0.03, p = 0.045) and LDL-C (β = - 0.03, p = 0.034), when compared to control. No effect was observed for C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163), triglycerides and HDL-C in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Favorable adaptations on IL-6 were observed in both the HIIT and MCT combined with RT groups following a long-term 1-year exercise intervention in individuals with T2DM. However, only the HIIT with RT prevented further derangement of total cholesterol and LDL-C, when compared to the control group. Therefore, in order to encourage exercise participation and improve inflammatory profile, either exercise protocols may be prescribed, however, HIIT with RT may have further benefits on the lipid profile. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03144505.