New developments in our understanding of vitamin metabolism, action and treatment.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to review the role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, its deficiency consequences, and the impact of fortification (including in dairy products) on global vitamin D status.
Results Summary
The abstract highlights that vitamin D fortification in dairy and other foods has significantly reduced rickets in Western countries, but deficiency remains prevalent worldwide. It also summarizes new insights into vitamin D metabolism and clinical syndromes related to its deficiency.
Population
General population (children and adults)
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vitamin D | neutral | the immune system and on cancer progression | - | - | has been reported to have pleiotropic effects including effects on | #1 |
vitamin D | neutral | calcium and phosphate homeostasis | - | - | is the maintenance of | #2 |
vitamin D deficiency | neutral | rickets | children | - | includes | #3 |
vitamin D deficiency | neutral | osteomalacia | adults | - | includes | #4 |
vitamin D deficiency | increase | falls and osteoporotic fractures | - | - | has also been reported to increase the risk of | #5 |
vitamin D fortification of foods (including dairy products) | decrease | rickets | - | - | has contributed to a marked decrease in | #6 |
Although vitamin D has been reported to have pleiotropic effects including effects on the immune system and on cancer progression, the principal action of vitamin D is the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The importance of vitamin D in this process is emphasized by the consequences of vitamin D deficiency which includes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D deficiency has also been reported to increase the risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures. Although vitamin D fortification of foods (including dairy products) has contributed to a marked decrease in rickets in the Western world, vitamin D deficiency in children and adults is still prevalent world-wide. This review summarizes new developments in our understanding of vitamin D endocrine system and addresses clinical syndromes related to abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism and action. In addition, the current understanding of the evaluation of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency and recommendations for achieving vitamin D sufficiency are discussed.