Mediterranean diet (MD) is the most relevant nutritional aspect of the multisecular Mediterranean civilisation which includes wine as an element of health and wellbeing when consumed with moderation. Mediterranean meals provide food micronutrients which include polyphenols, especially resveratrol from grape and red wine. MD, also called Cretan diet, has been proven to prevent diseases including cardiovascular pathologies, cancer, and to prevent aging. Interestingly, the grape and more precisely in grape skin contains the highest concentration of RSV. In consequence, red wine is the most concentrated food source of RSV found in the human diet. This review topic deals to how efficient is RSV towards alterations during the aging process; obtained from recent data of clinical trials, preclinical studies, and cell culture approach; especially RSV protecting effect on brain aging of elderly; its role on the microglial cells playing a central role in the neuro-inflammation; and in its anti-inflammatory effects on ocular diseases.