Effectiveness of Low Glycemic Index Diet Consultations Through a Diet Glycemic Assessment App Tool on Maternal and Neonatal Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to examine the effectiveness of individualized low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet consultations on maternal and neonatal insulin resistance levels and diet behavior changes in overweight and obese pregnant women.
Results Summary
The study found no significant differences in maternal serum insulin levels, incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or neonatal cord blood C-peptide levels between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group showed greater fiber intake but similar diet glycemic index (GI) compared to controls.
Population
Overweight and obese pregnant women recruited before 16 weeks of gestation.
Effective Dosage
Not specified (individualized dietary GL assessments and LGI diet instructions provided at early, middle, and late gestation).
Duration
From early gestation (before 16 weeks) to late gestation.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
individualized LGI diet consultations based on the accurate diet glycemic load (GL) assessment tool | no change | maternal or neonatal insulin resistance | overweight and obese pregnant women | no significant difference | failed to make a significant difference | #1 |
individualized LGI diet consultations | no change | maternal serum insulin levels | overweight and obese pregnant women | 13.2 [9.3-13.2] uU/mL vs 12.4 [10.5-12.4] uU/mL | no significant differences | #2 |
individualized LGI diet consultations | no change | incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | overweight and obese pregnant women | 45 [22.5%] vs 43 [21.5%] | no significant differences | #3 |
individualized LGI diet consultations | no change | cord blood C-peptide levels | neonates | mean 0.9ng/mL [SD 0.7] vs mean 0.8ng/mL [SD 0.6] | no significant differences | #4 |
individualized LGI diet consultations | no change | diet GI at late gestation | overweight and obese pregnant women | mean 63.2 [SD 10.4] vs mean 64.3 [SD 10.4] | similar | #5 |
individualized LGI diet consultations | increase | diet fiber intake | overweight and obese pregnant women | mean 11.6 grams [SD 8.0] vs mean 9.0 grams [SD 5.6]; P=.006 | greater | #6 |
individualized LGI diet consultations | no change | adherence measurements | overweight and obese pregnant women | no significant difference | did not significantly differ | #7 |
BACKGROUND: Low glycemic index (LGI) diet has shown to be effective in reducing maternal and neonatal complications in high-risk pregnancies. OBJECTIVE: This trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of individualized LGI diet consultations based on the accurate diet glycemic load (GL) assessment tool on maternal and neonatal insulin resistance levels and diet behavior changes in overweight and obese pregnant women. METHODS: Overweight and obese pregnant women were recruited before 16 weeks of gestation and randomized to the LGI diet arm or the control arm. All participants received standard dietary education according to the Chinese Dietary Guide for Pregnant Women. In the intervention arm, additional individualized dietary GL assessments were performed using an app and instructions of lowering diet glycemic index (GI) to achieve LGI diet were provided by a clinical dietitian at early, middle, and late gestation. Primary outcomes were serum insulin at late gestation, incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for mothers, and cord blood C-peptide level of neonates. RESULTS: In total, 400 subjects were randomized and received different interventions. There were no significant differences in maternal serum insulin levels (13.2 [9.3-13.2] uU/mL vs 12.4 [10.5-12.4] uU/mL), incidence of GDM (45 [22.5%] vs 43 [21.5%]), or cord blood C-peptide levels (mean 0.9ng/mL [SD 0.7] vs mean 0.8ng/mL [SD 0.6]) in the intervention group compared with the controls. The diet GI at late gestation was similar (mean 63.2 [SD 10.4] vs mean 64.3 [SD 10.4]), whereas greater diet fiber intake was observed in the intervention group (mean 11.6 grams [SD 8.0] vs mean 9.0 grams [SD 5.6]; P=.006). Adherence measurements did not significantly differ between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized LGI diet consultations for overweight and obese pregnant women failed to make a significant difference in maternal or neonatal insulin resistance compared with the standard gestational diet consultation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01628835; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01628835 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77LHgWP0k).