Influence of low-glycemic index diet for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine the influence of a low-glycemic-index (GI) diet on gestational diabetes, specifically its effects on glucose control and pregnancy outcomes.
Results Summary
The study found that a low-GI diet significantly reduced 2-hour postprandial glucose but had no notable impact on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, birth weight, macrosomia, or insulin requirement.
Population
Pregnant individuals with gestational diabetes (532 patients across six RCTs).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
low-GI diet | decrease | 2 h postprandial glucose | patients with gestational diabetes | Std. MD = -0.46; 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.10; p = .01 | significantly reduce | #1 |
low-GI diet | no change | fasting plasma glucose | patients with gestational diabetes | Std. MD = -0.24; 95% CI = -0.72 to 0.24; p = .33 | demonstrated no substantial influence on | #2 |
low-GI diet | no change | HbA1c | patients with gestational diabetes | Std. MD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.29 to 0.31; p = .94 | demonstrated no substantial influence on | #3 |
low-GI diet | no change | birth weight | patients with gestational diabetes | Std. MD = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.41 to 0.06; p = .15 | demonstrated no substantial influence on | #4 |
low-GI diet | no change | macrosomia | patients with gestational diabetes | Std. MD = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.30; p = .14 | demonstrated no substantial influence on | #5 |
low-GI diet | no change | insulin requirement | patients with gestational diabetes | Std. MD = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.22; p = .55 | demonstrated no substantial influence on | #6 |
Background: Low-glycemic index (GI) diet might be beneficial for gestational diabetes. However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of low-GI diet on gestational diabetes.Methods: PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of low-GI diet on gestational diabetes were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model.Results: Six RCTs involving 532 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with a control intervention in gestational diabetes, low-GI diet was found to significantly reduce 2 h postprandial glucose (Std. MD = -0.46; 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.10; p = .01), but demonstrated no substantial influence on fasting plasma glucose (Std. MD = -0.24; 95% CI = -0.72 to 0.24; p = .33), HbA1c (Std. MD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.29 to 0.31; p = .94), birth weight (Std. MD = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.41 to 0.06; p = .15), macrosomia (Std. MD = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.30; p = .14) and insulin requirement (Std. MD = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.22; p = .55).Conclusions: Compared with control intervention in gestational diabetes, low-GI diet was found to significantly decrease 2 h postprandial glucose, but showed no notable impact on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, birth weight, macrosomia, and insulin requirement.