A comparative clinical study on the generation of nitrosative stress in cataractous lenses of smokers and non-smoker tobacco patients.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine in cataractous lenses among smokers, non-smokers, and those with tobacco chewing habits to assess their role in cataractogenesis.
Results Summary
The study found that smokers and those who chewed tobacco had significantly higher levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine in their cataractous lenses compared to non-smokers and non-smokers who chewed tobacco, suggesting that these habits enhance nitrosative stress and early cataractogenesis.
Population
80 patients with cataracts, including smokers, non-smokers, smokers who chewed tobacco, and non-smokers who chewed tobacco.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
smoking | increase | lens nitric oxide | smokers with cataractous lenses | 112.01 µmol/L | increased levels | #1 |
smoking | increase | inducible nitric oxide synthase | smokers with cataractous lenses | 59.57 µmol/L | increased levels | #2 |
smoking | increase | 3-nitrotyrosine | smokers with cataractous lenses | 88.91 µmol/L | increased levels | #3 |
smoking and tobacco chewing | increase | lens nitric oxide | smokers who chewed tobacco with cataractous lenses | 175.15 µmol/L | increased levels | #4 |
smoking and tobacco chewing | increase | inducible nitric oxide synthase | smokers who chewed tobacco with cataractous lenses | 93.95 µmol/L | increased levels | #5 |
smoking and tobacco chewing | increase | 3-nitrotyrosine | smokers who chewed tobacco with cataractous lenses | 128.72 µmol/L | increased levels | #6 |
tobacco chewing | increase | lens nitric oxide | non-smokers who chewed tobacco with cataractous lenses | 96.56 µmol/L | increased levels | #7 |
tobacco chewing | increase | inducible nitric oxide synthase | non-smokers who chewed tobacco with cataractous lenses | 52.87 µmol/L | increased levels | #8 |
tobacco chewing | increase | 3-nitrotyrosine | non-smokers who chewed tobacco with cataractous lenses | 83.88 µmol/L | increased levels | #9 |
smoking and tobacco chewing | increase | nitrosative stress | patients with cataractous lenses | - | generate | #10 |
smoking and tobacco chewing | increase | pathogenesis for early cataractogenesis | patients with cataractous lenses | - | enhance | #11 |
AIM:: To quantify the levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine in cataractous lenses of smokers and smokers who chewed tobacco in comparison with non-smokers and non-smokers who chewed tobacco. STUDY DESIGN:: A total of 80 cataractous lenses from smokers, non-smokers, smokers with tobacco chewing habit, and non-smokers with tobacco chewing habit were collected from the patients who had enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Puducherry. METHODS:: Levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine were quantified using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS:: The mean concentrations of lens nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine are as follows: (a) smokers-112.01, 59.57, and 88.91 µmol/L; (b) smokers who chewed tobacco-175.15, 93.95, and 128.72 µmol/L; (c) non-smokers-76.15, 40.65, and 70.20 µmol/L; and (d) non-smokers who chewed tobacco-96.56, 52.87, and 83.88 µmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSION:: Nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine at high levels are the major causative agents for cataractogenesis. The results of this study suggest that smoking and tobacco chewing habit generate nitrosative stress that could enhance the pathogenesis for early cataractogenesis.