A randomised controlled intervention study investigating the efficacy of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables and extra-virgin olive oil on attenuating sarcopenic symptomology in overweight and obese older adults during energy intake restriction: protocol paper.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet rich in carotenoids and polyphenols from fruits and vegetables on body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, and quality of life in overweight and obese older adults.
Results Summary
The study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial design but does not report results, as it appears to be a pre-intervention outline. The intended outcomes include assessing appendicular skeletal muscle, body weight, fat-free mass, fat mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and quality of life after a 12-week intervention.
Population
Community-dwelling, healthy overweight and obese older adults (≥60 years).
Effective Dosage
375 g/d of high carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d high carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or 375 g/d of lower carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d lower carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml PUFA-based oil.
Duration
12 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-protein, energy restricted diet rich in carotenoids and polyphenols | neutral | body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and quality of life | overweight and obese older adults | - | evaluating the efficacy | #1 |
energy restricted (~30% restriction), isocaloric diet (30% protein; 30% carbohydrate; 40% fat) enriched with 375 g/d of high carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d high carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) | neutral | - | community-dwelling, healthy overweight and obese older adults (≥60 years) | - | will be randomized to | #2 |
energy restricted (~30% restriction), isocaloric diet (30% protein; 30% carbohydrate; 40% fat) enriched with 375 g/d of lower carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d lower carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) based oil | neutral | - | community-dwelling, healthy overweight and obese older adults (≥60 years) | - | will be randomized to | #3 |
high carotenoid and polyphenol intakes | decrease | appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) | overweight and obese older adults | - | potential influence on attenuation | #4 |
BACKGROUND: Weight loss interventions have not been advocated for overweight/obese older adults due to potential loss of skeletal muscle and strength impacting on physical function with potential loss of independence. Carotenoids and polyphenols are inversely associated with sarcopenic symptomology. This paper reports the protocol of a study evaluating the efficacy of a high-protein, energy restricted diet rich in carotenoids and polyphenols on body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and quality of life in overweight and obese older adults. METHODS: This randomised controlled clinical trial will recruit community-dwelling, healthy overweight and obese older adults (≥60 years) for a 12-week weight loss intervention. Seventy-three participants will be recruited and randomized to an energy restricted (~30% restriction), isocaloric diet (30% protein; 30% carbohydrate; 40% fat) enriched with either: a) 375 g/d of high carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d high carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO); or b) 375 g/d of lower carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d lower carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) based oil. All participants will receive individual dietary counselling each fortnight for the duration of the study and will be asked to maintain their habitual level of physical activity throughout the study. The primary outcome will be appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes will include body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle strength (Isometric hand-grip strength), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and health related quality of life (SF-36). Outcomes will be measured at baseline and at week 12. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide a novel insight relating to the potential influence of high carotenoid and polyphenol intakes on attenuation of ASM during dietary energy-restricted weight loss in overweight and obese older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ( ACTRN12616001400459 ); Trial registration date: 10th October, 2016.