Effect of DHA supplementation in a very low-calorie ketogenic diet in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCK) supplemented with DHA versus an isocaloric VLCK without DHA on cardiovascular risk factors, adipokine levels, and inflammation-resolving eicosanoids.
Results Summary
Both VLCK diets led to significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic parameters, but the DHA-supplemented group showed superior anti-inflammatory effects, including increased proresolution lipid markers and reduced proinflammatory markers, without significant differences in weight loss or metabolic improvement.
Population
Obese patients (n=29, divided into two groups).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
6 months
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VLCK diet supplemented with DHA | neutral | classic cardiovascular risk factors, adipokine levels, and inflammation-resolving eicosanoids | obese patients | - | was tested against | #1 |
VLCK diet supplemented with DHA | neutral | insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, resistin, TNF alpha, and leptin | obese patients | - | induced a significant change in | #2 |
DHA supplementation | increase | DHA-derived oxylipins | intervention group | - | significantly increased | #3 |
DHA supplementation | increase | ratio of proresolution/proinflammatory lipid markers | intervention group | - | increased | #4 |
DHA supplementation | decrease | mean ratios of AA/EPA and AA/DHA in erythrocyte membranes | PnK-DHA group | - | dramatically reduced | #5 |
DHA treatment | increase | anti-inflammatory fatty acid index (AIFAI) | - | - | consistently increased | #6 |
very low-calorie ketogenic diet supplemented with DHA | increase | anti-inflammatory effect | - | - | was significantly superior in | #7 |
very low-calorie ketogenic diet supplemented with DHA | no change | weight loss and metabolic improvement | - | - | without statistical differences in | #8 |
VLCK diet without DHA | decrease | weight loss | control group | 20.36 ± 5.02 kg | average weight loss after 6 months of treatment was | #9 |
VLCK diet supplemented with DHA | decrease | weight loss | PnK-DHA group | 19.74 ± 5.10 kg | average weight loss after 6 months of treatment was | #10 |
VLCK diet supplemented with DHA | no change | weight loss | - | - | without statistical differences | #11 |
A VLCK diet supplemented with DHA, commercially available, was tested against an isocaloric VLCK diet without DHA. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of DHA supplementation in classic cardiovascular risk factors, adipokine levels, and inflammation-resolving eicosanoids. A total of obese patients were randomized into two groups: a group supplemented with DHA (n = 14) (PnK-DHA group) versus a group with an isocaloric diet free of supplementation (n = 15) (control group). The follow-up period was 6 months. The average weight loss after 6 months of treatment was 20.36 ± 5.02 kg in control group and 19.74 ± 5.10 kg in PnK-DHA group, without statistical differences between both groups. The VLCK diets induced a significant change in some of the biological parameters, such as insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, resistin, TNF alpha, and leptin. Following DHA supplementation, the DHA-derived oxylipins were significantly increased in the intervention group. The ratio of proresolution/proinflammatory lipid markers was increased in plasma of the intervention group over the entire study. Similarly, the mean ratios of AA/EPA and AA/DHA in erythrocyte membranes were dramatically reduced in the PnK-DHA group and the anti-inflammatory fatty acid index (AIFAI) was consistently increased after the DHA treatment (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that a very low-calorie ketogenic diet supplemented with DHA was significantly superior in the anti-inflammatory effect, without statistical differences in weight loss and metabolic improvement.