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Moderate alcohol consumption in chronic form enhances the synthesis of cholesterol and C-21 steroid hormones, while treatment with Tinospora cordifolia modulate these events in men.

Steroids
October 1, 2016
Suman Kumari et al. (3 authors)
Clinical TrialJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tHuman StudyClinical
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to determine the effects of Tinospora Cordifolia (TCJ) on urinary steroids and lipid metabolism in chronic and moderate alcoholics.

Results Summary

TCJ normalized steroid levels and improved the testosterone-to-androstenedione ratio in both plasma and urine, indicating modulation of lipid metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol and glucuronide synthesis.

Population

Asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics without chronic liver disease and healthy volunteers.

Effective Dosage

Not specified

Duration

14 days

Interactions

None mentioned

Extracted Claims (15)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
cholesterol synthesis
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
increased
#1
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
cholesterol flow
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
directed its flow toward C-21 steroids
#2
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
corticosterone
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
2.456 fold
increased levels of
#3
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
cortisol
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
3.7 fold
increased levels of
#4
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
estradiol
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
increased the synthesis of
#5
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
clearance rate of other steroids
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
increased the clearance rate of other steroids through the formation of glucuronides
#6
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
decrease
testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A)
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
decreased the synthesis of
#7
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
increase
testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A)
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
increased the clearance rate of
#8
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
decrease
T/A ratio
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
from 2.31 to 1.59 in plasma
decreased
#9
chronic and moderate alcohol intake
decrease
T/A ratio
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
from 2.47 to 1.51 in urine
decreased
#10
standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCJ)
no change
steroids
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
normalized the levels of
#11
standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCJ)
increase
T:A ratio
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
to 2.0 in plasma
significantly improved the
#12
standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCJ)
increase
T:A ratio
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
to 2.12 in urine
significantly improved the
#13
standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCJ)
neutral
lipid metabolism
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
modulated
#14
standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCJ)
decrease
cholesterol and glucuronides synthesis
asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics
-
inhibiting
#15
Abstract

Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption disrupts lipid metabolism and hormonal balance including testosterone levels. However, studies doubt the relationship between moderate alcohol intake and sex hormone levels. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to establish the direct impact of chronic and moderate alcohol intake on cholesterol homeostasis and steroid hormone synthesis. Asymptomatic chronic and moderate alcoholics (n=12) without chronic liver disease and healthy volunteers (n=14) were selected for the study. Furthermore, effects of standardized water extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Mier. (Menispermaceae) (TCJ), a well reported anti-alcoholic herbal drug, on urinary steroids was studied. This study included four groups, i.e. a) healthy; b) healthy+TCJ; c) alcoholic; d) alcoholic+TCJ. The blood and urine samples from each group were collected on day 0 and 14 of the post-treatment with TCJ and analyzed. Alcoholic blood samples showed the significantly higher values of traditional biomarkers γ-GT and MCV along with cholesterol, LDL, TGL and urinary methylglucuronide compared to healthy. Qualitative analysis of steroids showed that moderate alcohol intake in a chronic manner increased the cholesterol synthesis and directed its flow toward C-21 steroids; shown by increased levels of corticosterone (2.456 fold) and cortisol (3.7 fold). Moreover, alcohol intake also increased the synthesis of estradiol and clearance rate of other steroids through the formation of glucuronides. Therefore, it decreased the synthesis and increased the clearance rate of testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A). Quantitative analysis confirmed decreased T/A ratio from 2.31 to 1.59 in plasma and 2.47 to 1.51 in urine samples of alcoholics. TCJ intervention normalized the levels of steroids and significantly improved the T:A ratio to 2.0 and 2.12 in plasma and urine. The study revealed that TCJ modulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting cholesterol and glucuronides synthesis.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
AdultAlcohol DrinkingAlcoholismAndrostenedioneChromatography, LiquidEstradiolHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMass SpectrometryPlant ExtractsSteroidsTestosteroneTinospora
Study Links
Quality Scores
SafetyNot Assessed
Efficacy85/10
Quality75/10
Citation Metrics
Total Citations20
Citations/Year2.2
Relative Citation Ratio1.14
NIH Percentile54.9%
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.75
Weight Score1.79
Normalized Score0.69
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