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Neuroprotective effects of psychotropic drugs in Huntington's disease.

International journal of molecular sciences
January 1, 1970
Edward C Lauterbach
Journal ArticleReviewAnimal Study
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of melatonin in preclinical models of Huntington's disease (HD).

Results Summary

Melatonin demonstrated mitochondrial protection, downregulated apoptosis, delayed disease onset, and extended survival in HD live mouse models. However, these findings await replication and clinical validation.

Population

Preclinical models (live mouse models) of Huntington's disease.

Effective Dosage

Not specified

Duration

Not specified

Interactions

None mentioned

Extracted Claims (21)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
lithium
increase
huntingtin autophagy
HD preclinical models
-
upregulated
#1
lithium, valproate, lamotrigine
increase
histone acetylation
HD preclinical models
-
upregulated
#2
lithium-plus-valproate
increase
miR-222
HD preclinical models
-
upregulated
#3
haloperidol, trifluoperazine, imipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine, melatonin
increase
mitochondrial protection
HD preclinical models
-
neuroprotective effects include
#4
lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, sertraline
increase
neurogenesis
HD preclinical models
-
neuroprotective effects include
#5
lithium, valproate, sertraline
increase
BDNF
HD preclinical models
-
neuroprotective effects include
#6
lithium
decrease
AP-1 DNA binding
HD preclinical models
-
downregulated
#7
lithium
decrease
p53
HD preclinical models
-
downregulated
#8
antipsychotics, lithium
decrease
huntingtin aggregation
HD preclinical models
-
downregulated
#9
trifluoperazine, loxapine, lithium, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, cyproheptadine, melatonin
decrease
apoptosis
HD preclinical models
-
downregulated
#10
nortriptyline, melatonin
decrease
disease onset
HD live mouse models
-
delayed
#11
haloperidol, tetrabenazine, lithium, sertraline
increase
striatal preservation
HD live mouse models
-
striatal preservation
#12
imipramine, trazodone, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine
increase
memory preservation
HD live mouse models
-
memory preservation
#13
tetrabenazine, lithium, valproate, imipramine, nortriptyline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine
increase
motor improvement
HD live mouse models
-
motor improvement
#14
lithium, valproate, sertraline, melatonin
increase
survival
HD live mouse models
-
extended
#15
valproate, dextromethorphan
increase
CREB binding protein (CBP)
-
-
upregulated
#16
valproate
decrease
histone deacetylase (HDAC)
-
-
downregulated
#17
tetrabenazine
increase
striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification
transgenic mice
-
promising findings involve replicated striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification
#18
sertraline
increase
striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification
transgenic mice
-
promising findings involve replicated striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification
#19
lithium
decrease
disease progression
uncontrolled case series (n = 3)
-
suggesting non-progression
#20
lamotrigine
no change
clinical trial outcomes
double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
-
primarily negative
#21
Abstract

Psychotropics (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, anxiolytics, etc.) are commonly prescribed to treat Huntington's disease (HD). In HD preclinical models, while no psychotropic has convincingly affected huntingtin gene, HD modifying gene, or huntingtin protein expression, psychotropic neuroprotective effects include upregulated huntingtin autophagy (lithium), histone acetylation (lithium, valproate, lamotrigine), miR-222 (lithium-plus-valproate), mitochondrial protection (haloperidol, trifluoperazine, imipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine, melatonin), neurogenesis (lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, sertraline), and BDNF (lithium, valproate, sertraline) and downregulated AP-1 DNA binding (lithium), p53 (lithium), huntingtin aggregation (antipsychotics, lithium), and apoptosis (trifluoperazine, loxapine, lithium, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, cyproheptadine, melatonin). In HD live mouse models, delayed disease onset (nortriptyline, melatonin), striatal preservation (haloperidol, tetrabenazine, lithium, sertraline), memory preservation (imipramine, trazodone, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine), motor improvement (tetrabenazine, lithium, valproate, imipramine, nortriptyline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine), and extended survival (lithium, valproate, sertraline, melatonin) have been documented. Upregulated CREB binding protein (CBP; valproate, dextromethorphan) and downregulated histone deacetylase (HDAC; valproate) await demonstration in HD models. Most preclinical findings await replication and their limitations are reviewed. The most promising findings involve replicated striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification in transgenic mice for tetrabenazine and for sertraline. Clinical data consist of an uncontrolled lithium case series (n = 3) suggesting non-progression and a primarily negative double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of lamotrigine.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
AnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHumansHuntington DiseaseMiceMicroRNAsNeuroprotective AgentsPsychotropic Drugs
Study Links
Quality Scores
SafetyNot Assessed
Efficacy75/10
Quality60/10
Citation Metrics
Total Citations46
Citations/Year3.8
Relative Citation Ratio1.55
NIH Percentile66.2%
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.50
Weight Score0.78
Normalized Score0.62
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