Effect of a dairy- and calcium-rich diet on weight loss and appetite during energy restriction in overweight and obese adults: a randomized trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine if a high-dairy/calcium diet improves weight loss and subjective appetite more than a low-dairy/calcium diet during energy restriction in overweight/obese adults with metabolic syndrome.
Results Summary
Both groups had similar weight loss, but the high-dairy group reported greater satisfaction, lower fat intake, and higher plasma PYY levels, suggesting modest benefits in appetite control. No significant difference in overall weight loss was observed between the groups.
Population
Overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome
Effective Dosage
High dairy (≈1400 mg/day calcium) vs. low dairy (≈700 mg/day calcium)
Duration
12 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dairy- and Ca-rich diet | no change | weight loss | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | was not associated with greater weight loss | #1 |
Dairy/Ca diet | no change | weight loss | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | -3.3 ± 0.6 kg | had similar weight loss | #2 |
Control diet | no change | weight loss | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | -2.2 ± 0.5 kg | had similar weight loss | #3 |
Dairy/Ca diet | increase | percentage of expected weight loss achieved | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | 82.1 ± 19.4% | percentage of expected weight loss achieved was higher | #4 |
Control diet | neutral | percentage of expected weight loss achieved | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | 32.2 ± 7.7% | percentage of expected weight loss achieved | #5 |
Dairy/Ca diet | increase | subjective ratings of appetite (satisfaction) | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | reported feeling more satisfied | #6 |
Dairy/Ca diet | decrease | dietary fat intake | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | had lower dietary fat intake | #7 |
Dairy/Ca diet | increase | plasma levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | had higher plasma levels | #8 |
Dairy/Ca diet | decrease | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was reduced | #9 |
increased dairy/Ca intake | increase | sensations of satisfaction | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | may contribute to enhanced sensations of satisfaction | #10 |
increased dairy/Ca intake | decrease | dietary fat intake | overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome | - | may contribute to reduced dietary fat intake | #11 |
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A diet rich in dairy and calcium (Ca) has been variably associated with improvements in body composition and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine if a dietary pattern high in dairy and Ca improves weight loss and subjective appetite to a greater extent than a low dairy/Ca diet during energy restriction in overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 49 participants were randomized to one of two treatment groups: Control (low dairy, ≈ 700 mg/day Ca, -500 kcal/day) or Dairy/Ca (high dairy, ≈ 1400 mg/day Ca, -500 kcal/day) for 12 weeks. Body composition, subjective ratings of appetite, food intake, plasma satiety hormones, glycemic response and inflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS: Control (-2.2 ± 0.5 kg) and Dairy/Ca (-3.3 ± 0.6 kg) had similar weight loss. Based on self-reported energy intake, the percentage of expected weight loss achieved was higher with Dairy/Ca (82.1 ± 19.4%) than Control (32.2 ± 7.7%; P=0.03). Subjects in the Dairy/Ca group reported feeling more satisfied (P=0.01) and had lower dietary fat intake (P=0.02) over 12 weeks compared with Control. Compared with Control, Dairy/Ca had higher plasma levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY, P=0.01) during the meal tolerance test at week 12. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was reduced at 30 min with Dairy/Ca compared with Control (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a dairy- and Ca-rich diet was not associated with greater weight loss than control. Modest increases in plasma PYY concentrations with increased dairy/Ca intake, however, may contribute to enhanced sensations of satisfaction and reduced dietary fat intake during energy restriction.