Short-term low carbohydrate/high-fat diet intake increases postprandial plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy men.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine whether a short-term low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) affects postprandial plasma glucose and incretin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy men.
Results Summary
The study found that a 3-day LC/HFD significantly increased postprandial plasma glucose and GLP-1 levels while reducing first-phase insulin secretion compared to a normal diet.
Population
Nine healthy young men (average age 27, BMI 22 kg/m²).
Effective Dosage
Energy from ~69% fat (total energy intake similar to normal diet).
Duration
3 days per dietary intervention.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-day low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) | increase | plasma glucose levels during the OGTT | healthy young men | - | significantly higher | #1 |
3-day low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) | increase | incremental area under the curve during the OGTT | healthy young men | - | significantly higher | #2 |
3-day low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) | increase | increase in GLP-1 levels during the OGTT | healthy young men | - | significantly higher | #3 |
3-day low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) | decrease | first-phase insulin secretion indexes | healthy young men | - | significantly lower | #4 |
short-term LC/HFD | increase | postprandial plasma glucose levels | healthy young men | - | increased | #5 |
short-term LC/HFD | increase | GLP-1 levels | healthy young men | - | increased | #6 |
short-term LC/HFD | decrease | first-phase insulin secretion | - | - | decrease | #7 |
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Postprandial hyperglycemia increases the risks of development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 3-day low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LC/HFD) alters postprandial plasma glucose and incretin levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy men. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Nine healthy young men (age (mean ± s.e.), 27 ± 1 years; body mass index, 22 ± 1 kg/m(2)) consumed either a normal diet (ND: energy from ∼22% fat) or a LC/HFD (energy from ∼69% fat) for 3 days each. The total energy intake from each diet was similar. An OGTT was performed after each 3-day dietary intervention. Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were determined at rest and during the OGTT. RESULTS: Plasma glucose levels and incremental area under the curve during the OGTT were significantly higher in the LC/HFD trial than in the ND trial (P=0.024). In addition, increase in GLP-1 levels was significantly higher in the LC/HFD trial than in the ND trial (P=0.025). The first-phase insulin secretion indexes were significantly lower in the LC/HFD trial than in the ND trial (P<0.041). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that even short-term LC/HFD increased postprandial plasma glucose and GLP-1 levels in healthy young men. A decrease in first-phase insulin secretion may partially contribute to the short-term LC/HFD-induced increase in postprandial plasma glucose levels.