Calcium and vitamin D supplementation through fortified dairy products counterbalances seasonal variations of bone metabolism indices: the Postmenopausal Health Study.
Study Goal
To assess the effectiveness of a dietary intervention with fortified dairy products on bone metabolism and bone mass indices in postmenopausal women.
Results Summary
The dietary group showed significant improvements in bone metabolism markers (e.g., decreased RANKL and CTx levels) and bone mass indices (e.g., increased total body BMD) compared to the control group, counteracting seasonal variations in hormonal and biochemical molecules.
Population
Postmenopausal women aged 55-65 years with osteopenia.
Effective Dosage
1,200 mg calcium and 7.5 μg vitamin D3 (first 12 months), increased to 22.5 μg vitamin D3 (remaining 18 months), delivered via fortified dairy products.
Duration
30 months
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | increase | PTH levels | postmenopausal women (control group) | - | A significant increase was observed | #1 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | decrease | serum 25(OH)D | postmenopausal women (control group) | - | serum 25(OH)D significantly decreased | #2 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | no change | serum 25(OH)D | postmenopausal women (dietary group) | - | remained in the same high levels | #3 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | decrease | serum RANKL levels | postmenopausal women (dietary group) | - | decreased significantly | #4 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | increase | serum RANKL levels | postmenopausal women (control group) | - | increased | #5 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | decrease | serum CTx | postmenopausal women (dietary group) | -0.08; -0.12 to -0.03 | decreased significantly | #6 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | decrease | serum CTx | postmenopausal women (dietary group) | -0.03; -0.08 to -0.02 | decreased significantly | #7 |
dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products (providing 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D3 for 12 months, then 22.5 μg for 18 months) | increase | total body BMD | postmenopausal women (dietary group) | - | had more favorable changes | #8 |
Increasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D | increase | several bone metabolism and bone mass indices | osteopenic postmenopausal women | - | appears to be effective in producing favorable changes | #9 |
Increasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D | no change | hormonal and biochemical molecules | osteopenic postmenopausal women | - | appears to be effective in counterbalancing seasonal variations | #10 |
PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a dietary intervention combined with fortified dairy products on bone metabolism and bone mass indices in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Forty postmenopausal women (55-65 years old) were equally randomized into a dietary group (DG), receiving daily and for 30 months, 1,200 mg of calcium and 7.5 μg of vitamin D(3) for the first 12 months that increased to 22.5 μg for the remaining 18 months of intervention through fortified dairy products; and a control group (CG). Differences in the changes of bone metabolism and bone mass indices were examined with repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: A significant increase was observed for PTH levels only in the CG during the first six winter months of intervention (p = 0.049). After 30 months of intervention, during winter, serum 25(OH)D significantly decreased in the CG while remained in the same high levels as in the summer period in the DG. Serum RANKL levels decreased significantly in the DG compared with the increase in the CG during the 30-month intervention period (p = 0.005). Serum CTx decreased significantly in the DG after six (-0.08; -0.12 to -0.03) and 12 (-0.03; -0.08 to -0.02) months of intervention. Finally, the DG had more favorable changes in total body BMD than the CG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D in osteopenic postmenopausal women appears to be effective in producing favorable changes in several bone metabolism and bone mass indices and in counterbalancing seasonal variations in hormonal and biochemical molecules.