Cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal disease.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to examine the impact of dietary salt restriction as part of lifestyle modifications on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Results Summary
The study suggests that dietary salt restriction, along with other lifestyle modifications like weight control and smoking cessation, can significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Additional benefits may come from addressing nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors associated with chronic renal failure.
Population
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including predialysis and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) stages.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | increase | prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular events | Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) | - | increased | #1 |
- | increase | cardiovascular disease | patients with chronic renal failure | - | most frequently due to | #2 |
Lifestyle modifications, including weight control, cessation of smoking and dietary salt restriction | decrease | cardiovascular morbidity and mortality | patients with CKD | - | should have a major impact | #3 |
treating nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors that are characteristic of chronic renal failure | decrease | cardiovascular morbidity and mortality | patients with CKD | - | Additional benefit may be gained | #4 |
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular events. In predialysis stages as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), mortality in patients with chronic renal failure is most frequently due to cardiovascular disease. AREAS COVERED IN THE REVIEW: This review examines the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease in the different stages of CKD, summarizes risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with reduced renal function and examines treatment strategies in nontraditional risk factors and lifestyle modifications of importance in patients with CKD. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: The reader will be brought up to date with the relative contribution of traditional and nontraditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease in CKD patients. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Lifestyle modifications, including weight control, cessation of smoking and dietary salt restriction, are measures that should have a major impact in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. Additional benefit may be gained by treating nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors that are characteristic of chronic renal failure.