Telomere length is a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress, biologic age, and an independent predictor of survival and therapeutic treatment requirement associated with smoking behavior.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine whether oral formulations of nonhydrolized carnosine and carcinine could inhibit cumulative oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere attrition associated with smoking.
Results Summary
The study suggests that carnosine and carcinine formulations may effectively reduce oxidative stress and inflammation linked to smoking, potentially protecting against telomere shortening in white blood cells. Longitudinal clinical data supported the hypothesis that telomere length could predict survival and treatment needs in smokers.
Population
Elderly and clinical population groups, particularly smokers.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cigarette smoking | increase | cumulative oxidative stress | - | - | generates | #1 |
Mainstream and side stream gas-phase smoke | neutral | reactive free radical species | - | about 1 × 10^16 radicals per cigarette (or 5 × 10^14 per puff) | have | #2 |
Cigarette smoke constituents | increase | vascular reactive oxygen species production | - | - | can directly activate | #3 |
Cigarette smoking | increase | cumulative and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation | - | - | is associated with increased | #4 |
Cigarette smoking | increase | white blood cell (leucocytes, WBCs) turnover | - | - | marked by increased | #5 |
Cigarette smoking | increase | increased adherence to endothelial cells | - | - | alteration of the circulating WBCs | #6 |
Tobacco smoking | decrease | telomere shortening | circulating human WBCs | - | enhances | #7 |
Telomere attrition (expressed in WBCs) | neutral | cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation induced by smoking | - | - | can serve as a biomarker of | #8 |
Patented specific oral formulations of nonhydrolized carnosine and carcinine | decrease | cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation and protection of telomere attrition | - | - | provide a powerful tool for targeted therapeutic inhibition of | #9 |
Telomere length | neutral | survival and therapeutic treatment requirement | clinical population groups including elderly | - | is a predictor of | #10 |
Globally, tobacco use is associated with 5 million deaths per annum and is regarded as one of the leading causes of premature death. Major chronic disorders associated with smoking include cardiovascular diseases, several types of cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (lung problems). Cigarette smoking (CS) generates a cumulative oxidative stress, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Mainstream and side stream gas-phase smoke each have about the same concentration of reactive free radical species, about 1 × 10(16) radicals per cigarette (or 5 × 10(14) per puff). This effect is critical in understanding the biologic effects of smoke. Several lines of evidence suggest that cigarette smoke constituents can directly activate vascular reactive oxygen species production. In this work we present multiple evidence that CS provide the important risk factors in many age-related diseases, and is associated with increased cumulative and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. The cited processes are marked by increased white blood cell (leucocytes, WBCs) turnover. The data suggest an alteration of the circulating WBCs by CS, resulting in increased adherence to endothelial cells. Telomeres are complex DNA-protein structures located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere length shortens with biologic age in all replicating somatic cells. It has been shown that tobacco smoking enhances telomere shortening in circulating human WBCs. Telomere attrition (expressed in WBCs) can serve as a biomarker of the cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation induced by smoking and, consequently, show the pace of biologic aging. We originally propose that patented specific oral formulations of nonhydrolized carnosine and carcinine provide a powerful tool for targeted therapeutic inhibition of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation and protection of telomere attrition associated with smoking. The longitudinal studies of the clinical population groups described in this study including elderly support the hypothesis that telomere length is a predictor of survival and therapeutic treatment requirement associated with smoking behavior.