[The diet rich in monounsaturated fat modifies in a beneficial way carbohydrate metabolism and arterial pressure].
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of a monounsaturated fat-rich diet (MUFA) with other dietary regimens (saturated fat and NCEP-I) on carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure in healthy subjects.
Results Summary
The MUFA diet resulted in the lowest fasting blood glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels compared to the NCEP-I diet, and lower blood pressure than the NCEP-I diet. The saturated fat diet induced higher insulin levels post-OGTT, while the MUFA diet showed the most favorable metabolic and blood pressure outcomes.
Population
41 healthy young males (29 underwent OGTT).
Effective Dosage
38% fat (22% MUFA) in the MUFA diet.
Duration
4 weeks per diet (3 consecutive diets).
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
diet rich in saturated fat (SAT) | increase | insulin after the OGTT | healthy young males | - | induced the highest levels | #1 |
diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) | decrease | fasting blood glucose | healthy young males | -0.60 mmol/l [13%] | determined the lowest levels | #2 |
diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) | decrease | insulin | healthy young males | -9 microUl/ml [47%] | determined the lowest levels | #3 |
diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) | decrease | free fatty acids | healthy young males | -0.11 mmol/l [24%] | determined the lowest levels | #4 |
NCEP-I diet | increase | systolic blood pressure | healthy young males | +6 mmHg compare with SAT [5%] | were higher | #5 |
NCEP-I diet | increase | systolic blood pressure | healthy young males | +5 mmHg compare with MUFA [4%] | were higher | #6 |
NCEP-I diet | increase | diastolic blood pressure | healthy young males | +20 mmHg compare with MUFA [27%] | were higher | #7 |
NCEP-I diet | increase | diastolic blood pressure | healthy young males | +6 mmHg compared with SAT [8%] | were higher | #8 |
OBJECTIVE: Two dietary regimens recommended for the reduction of coronary risk, by way of their effects on lipid profile, are the diet low in saturated fat and a diet rich in monounsaturated fats (MUFA). However the effects of these diets on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects are not well known. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of both diets on various parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. METHODS: 41 healthy young males were submitted to 3 consecutive diets, each for a duration of 4 weeks. The first diet was rich in saturated fat (SAT) (38% fat, 20% saturated). The second was rich in carbohydrates following the recommendations of the NCEP-I (National Cholesterol Education Program type I) (28% fat, 47% carbohydrates). The last one was a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (38% fat, 22% MUFA). At the end of each dietary period, blood pressure (BP) and blood levels of glucose, insulin and free fatty acids were determined. 29 subjects were also submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the end of each diet. RESULTS: The SAT diet induced the highest levels of insulin after the OGTT. The consumption of the MUFA diet determined the lowest levels of fasting blood glucose (-0.60 mmol/l [13%], p < 0.0002), insulin (-9 microUl/ml [47%], p < 0.0002) and free fatty acids (-0.11 mmol/l [24%], p = 0.006), compared to the NCEP-I diet. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the NCEP-I diet than during the other periods (SBP: +6 mmHg compare with SAT [5%], p = 0.0001; and +5 mmHg compare with MUFA [4%], p = 0.0001; DBP: +20 mmHg compare with MUFA [27%], p = 0.0001) and +6 mmHg compared with SAT [8%], p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Of the diets most commonly used for the treatment and prevention of arteriosclerosis, a diet rich in monounsaturated fats is the most beneficial for the healthy population from the point of view of carbohydrate metabolism and blood pressure.